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 Finlay was born in Cuba on December 3, 1833. His father, Edward, a Scottish-born physician, and his mother, Eliza, a native of France, educated him at home and later enrolled him in school in France. Bouts of childhood illness interrupted his schooling, but he was able to enroll in the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, where he earned his medical degree on March 10, 1855. Eschewing the chance for a lucrative practice in the States, he returned home to Cuba to begin his career.  Finlay spent much of his free time on scientific investigation, including the study of yellow fever. He was appointed to work with the U.S. National Health Board Yellow Fever Commission when it traveled to Cuba in 1879. The commission found that "the agent capable of transmitting the disease must be in the air." That conclusion and microscopic slides of tissue from yellow fever victims led Finlay to focus on the blood vessels and the biting insect that accesses them.     

 Finlay spent the next 20 years trying to prove his hypothesis, conducting 102 experimental inoculations on human volunteers. But his mosquito theory would not gain acceptance until the dawn of the new century.mosquitoes hatched from his eggs to test the hypothesis that the insects transmitted the disease and after a series of experiments, showed that Finlay had been correct. The head of the board, Walter Reed, noted that "it was Finlay's theory, and he deserves much for having suggested it." William Crawford Gorgas, who later spearheaded a public health campaign that protected the Panama Canal project from the disease, said of Finlay: "His reasoning for selecting the Stegomyia [mosquito] as the bearer of yellow fever is the best piece of logical reasoning that can be found in medicine anywhere."  

Finlay discovered that the disease was carried by mosquitos. Finlay experienced a great deal of resistance whenever he presented his ideas. In fact, in his early years, Finlay was only able to get one person on his side, a Cuban physician named Claudio Delgado.

Finlay was subsequently appointed chief sanitary officer of Cuba, a position he held into his 70s until his retirement in 1909. During that period, his work contributed to a reduction in the country's mortality rate of infantile tetanus. After his death on August 20, 1915, his achievements lived on in Cuba, which produced a flattering biography in 1985, requested by Cuban president Fidel Castro, and with the Finlay Medical Society, an organization of medical professionals.

 He was fluent in French, German, Spanish, and English, and could read Latin.

 Finlay was born in Cuba on December 3, 1833. His father, Edward, a Scottish-born physician, and his mother, Eliza, a native of France, educated him at home and later enrolled him in school in France. Bouts of childhood illness interrupted his schooling, but he was able to enroll in the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, where he earned his medical degree on March 10, 1855. Eschewing the chance for a lucrative practice in the States, he returned home to Cuba to begin his career.  Finlay spent much of his free time on scientific investigation, including the study of yellow fever. He was appointed to work with the U.S. National Health Board Yellow Fever Commission when it traveled to Cuba in 1879. The commission found that "the agent capable of transmitting the disease must be in the air." That conclusion and microscopic slides of tissue from yellow fever victims led Finlay to focus on the blood vessels and the biting insect that accesses them.     

 Finlay spent the next 20 years trying to prove his hypothesis, conducting 102 experimental inoculations on human volunteers. But his mosquito theory would not gain acceptance until the dawn of the new century.mosquitoes hatched from his eggs to test the hypothesis that the insects transmitted the disease and after a series of experiments, showed that Finlay had been correct. The head of the board, Walter Reed, noted that "it was Finlay's theory, and he deserves much for having suggested it." William Crawford Gorgas, who later spearheaded a public health campaign that protected the Panama Canal project from the disease, said of Finlay: "His reasoning for selecting the Stegomyia [mosquito] as the bearer of yellow fever is the best piece of logical reasoning that can be found in medicine anywhere."  

Finlay discovered that the disease was carried by mosquitos. Finlay experienced a great deal of resistance whenever he presented his ideas. In fact, in his early years, Finlay was only able to get one person on his side, a Cuban physician named Claudio Delgado.

Finlay was subsequently appointed chief sanitary officer of Cuba, a position he held into his 70s until his retirement in 1909. During that period, his work contributed to a reduction in the country's mortality rate of infantile tetanus. After his death on August 20, 1915, his achievements lived on in Cuba, which produced a flattering biography in 1985, requested by Cuban president Fidel Castro, and with the Finlay Medical Society, an organization of medical professionals.

 He was fluent in French, German, Spanish, and English, and could read Latin.

Co-founder, National Farmworkers Association,  which eventually become the United Farm Workers (UFW)

 Dolores Clara Fernandez Huerta is one of the most influential labor activists of the 20th century and a leader of the Chicano civil rights movement.    Born on April 10, 1930 in Dawson, New Mexico, Huerta was the second of three children of Alicia and Juan Fernandez, a farm worker and miner who became a state legislator in 1938. Her parents divorced when Huerta was three years old, and her mother moved to Stockton, California with her children. Huerta’s grandfather helped raise Huerta and her two brothers while her mother juggled jobs as a waitress and cannery worker until she could buy a small hotel and restaurant. Alicia’s community activism and compassionate treatment of workers greatly influenced her daughter.  Discrimination also helped shape Huerta. A schoolteacher, prejudiced against Hispanics, accused Huerta of cheating because her papers were too well-written. In 1945 at the end of World War II, white men brutally beat her brother for wearing a Zoot-Suit, a popular Latino fashion.   Huerta received an associate teaching degree from the University of the Pacific’s Delta College. She married Ralph Head while a student and had two daughters, though the couple soon divorced. She subsequently married fellow activist Ventura Huerta with whom she had five children, though that marriage also did not last. Huerta briefly taught school in the 1950s, but seeing so many hungry farm children coming to school, she thought she could do more to help them by organizing farmers and farm workers.  In 1955 Huerta began her career as an activist when she co-founded the Stockton chapter of the Community Service Organization (CSO), which led voter registration drives and fought for economic improvements for Hispanics. She also founded the Agricultural Workers Association. Through a CSO associate, Huerta met activist César Chávez, with whom she shared an interest in organizing farm workers. In 1962, Huerta and Chávez founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), the predecessor of the United Farm Workers’ Union (UFW), which formed three year later. Huerta served as UFW vice president until 1999.  Despite ethnic and gender bias, Huerta helped organize the 1965 Delano strike of 5,000 grape workers and was the lead negotiator in the workers’ contract that followed. Throughout her work with the UFW, Huerta organized workers, negotiated contracts, advocated for safer working conditions including the elimination of harmful pesticides. She also fought for unemployment and healthcare benefits for agricultural workers. Huerta was the driving force behind the nationwide table grape boycotts in the late 1960s that led to a successful union contract by 1970.  In 1973, Huerta led another consumer boycott of grapes that resulted in the ground-breaking California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975, which allowed farm workers to form unions and bargain for better wages and conditions. Throughout the 1970s and ‘80s, Huerta worked as a lobbyist to improve workers’ legislative representation. During the 1990s and 2000s, she worked to elect more Latinos and women to political office and has championed women’s issues.  The recipient of many honors, Huerta received the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award in 1998 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012. As of 2015, she was a board member of the Feminist Majority Foundation, the Secretary-Treasurer Emeritus of the United Farm Workers of America, and the President of the Dolores Huerta Foundation.  

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